Many of the devices we use today rely on lithium-ion batteries. These include smartphones, laptops, car fobs, cameras, watches, smoke alarms, e-cigarettes, toys, e-scooters, e-bikes, and even cars.
Lithium batteries are compact yet store a large amount of energy. Fire officials warn that if these batteries are misused or damaged, they can overheat, catch fire, or even explode.
Most states do not currently track fire statistics related to lithium-ion batteries. However, the National Institute of Standards and Technology estimates there have been 5,718 electric vehicle and plug-in hybrid fires, and about 198,000 lithium battery-related fires in buildings since 2011.
Additionally, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) reported 746 aviation-related incidents involving lithium batteries such as cargo or baggage between March 2006 and July 2026. The batteries involved were found in battery packs, e-cigarette or vape devices, cell phones, laptops, or other electronic devices. Due to these incidents, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) has implemented rules prohibiting certain devices with lithium batteries from being placed in checked baggage.
While lithium batteries are generally safe to use, consumers should take precautions to avoid potential dangers.
Buying, charging, and storing lithium batteries
When buying batteries, experts suggest purchasing only those recognized by national testing laboratories, such as Underwriters Laboratories (UL). Labs like this will have a marking on the packaging and device.
When charging a lithium battery, the National Fire Protection Association has several recommendations to avoid the risk of a fire:
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- Only use a battery that is designed specifically for your device.
- Only use the charging cord that comes with your device.
- Put the battery in your device right away.
- Charge your battery on a hard, flat surface to allow for proper ventilation.
- Never charge your device under your pillow, on your bed, or on a couch.
- Never cover your device or charger with blankets, clothes, or other materials while charging.
- Do not keep charging the device or the device battery after it is fully charged.
- Avoid using your device while it is charging, as this can cause the battery to overheat.
- Unplug the charger if you notice the battery or device getting unusually hot.
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When storing batteries, always read the manufacturer’s instructions on the packaging. In addition:
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- Store lithium batteries at room temperature. Do not keep them at temperatures below 32°F or above 105°F.
- Do not leave batteries in a hot car, in direct sunlight, or in freezing temperatures.
- Keep batteries away from combustible materials.
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Signs of a corrupt lithium battery
Signs that a lithium battery is corrupt could include an odor, a change in color or shape, leaking, being hot, or making odd noises. If any of these things happen, stop using the battery immediately and move the device away from anything that can catch fire.
Disposing of lithium batteries
When it’s time to get rid of a lithium-ion battery, do not dispose of it in the trash or place multiple batteries in piles. Batteries that no longer work can be taken to a community recycling location instead.
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